Feasibility of route extrapolation in risk assessment.

Feasibility of route extrapolation in risk assessment.

Oral-to-inhalation route extrapolation in occupational health risk assessment: a critical assessment.

Due to a lack of route-specific toxicity data, the health risks resulting from occupational exposure are frequently assessed by route-to-route (RtR) extrapolation based on oral toxicity data. Insight into the conditions for and the uncertainties connected with the application of RtR extrapolation has not been clearly described in a systematic manner. In our opinion, for a reliable occupational ...

Needs for biological risk assessment in interspecies extrapolation.

This paper suggests that not all chemicals shown to be carcinogenic in animals may exert this effect in humans exposed to much lower amounts of the chemical. It is possible that agents which differ in their effects in humans and animals may be identified through the application of Biological Risk Assessment to the experimental results. Chemicals tested in systems in which untreated animals deve...

Molecular and cellular approaches to extrapolation for risk assessment.

A workshop, "Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Extrapolation for Risk Assessment," was held in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 5-6 May 1993. The workshop was hosted by the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing and was sponsored by the American Forest and Paper Association, Washington, DC. Forty representatives of government, industry, and academia met to discuss the opportunity t...

Extrapolation of the Benzene Inhalation Unit Risk Estimate to the Oral Route of Exposure

A simple method for extrapolation of benzene-induced cancer risk from the inhalation to oral route is proposed. The method is based on the relative efficiency of benzene absorption across routes of exposure, especially pulmonary and gastrointestinal barriers. There exists substantial literature on pulmonary absorption in humans and a few laboratory animal species. Data on oral absorption in hum...